N A £ B to E W S L E T T £ R
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTERS
A 0 James £bel, Editor, Station WILL, Urbana/ III.
May 9, 1945
DRAKE RADIO WORKSHOP
Drake University’s radio activities are going on in about the same
PATTERN o They ARE PLANNING A 6»W'EEK3 summer radio workshop again this
year. The date of registration is June 99 with the 6-week term ending
July 20. Six hours of credits may be earned in the field of broadcasting
METHODS, PROGRAM PLANNING AND PRODUCTION, AND SCRIPT WRITING. STUDENTS
WILL PLAN, WRITE, PRODUCE, AND BROADCAST SEVERAL PROGRAMS EACH WEEK
WHICH WILL BE CARRIED BY THE LOCAL RADIO STATIONS KSO AND KRNT AND BY
WOI of Iowa State College. Total enrollment in radio courses during
THE FALL AND SPRING SEMESTERS OF 9044-45 HAS BEEN AROUND 260. We ARE
NOW OFFERING COURSES IN BROADCASTING METHODS, PROGRAM PLANNING AND
PRODUCTION, RADIO CONTINUITY WRITING, ADVANCED PRODUCTION PROBLEMS,
RADIO ADVERTISING, AND ALSO A RADIO SEMINAR.
W9 SCONS 9M RAO8 0 8 NSTITUTE PLANS
For two weeks, from July 29 to August 99 inclusive, the University of
Wisconsin will serve as host to the first institute of its particular
KIND —A WORKING CONFERENCE DESIGNED TO 8R t NG TOGETHER PERSONS CONCERNED
WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FM EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING IN THE UNITED STATES.
The INSTITUTE IS PLANNED TO GIVE AN OVER-ALL VIEW OF RAOSO EDUCATION’S
OPPORTUNITIES AND TO PROVIDE HELP ON SPECIFIC PROBLEMS, RANGING FROM THE
PREPARATION OF AN FM LICENSE APPLICATION TO THE DETAILS OF PROGRAMMING,
STATION MANAGEMENT, AND CLASSROOM UTILIZATION. LEADING RADIO EDUCATORS,
ENGINEERS, MANUFACTURERS 8 REPRESENTATIVES, AND GOVERNMENT SPECIALISTS WILL
SERVE AS LECTURERS, DISCUSSION LEADERS, AND CONSULTANTS.
OH90 STME FM RADIO WORKSHOP
The Ohio State University in cooperation with the U. S c Office of
Education, the Ohio State Department of Education and the Cleveland
Board of Education has announced the first Educational FM-Station
Workshop .
The Workshop will meet for five weeks on the Ohio State University campus
with the complete resources of the University’s radio station WOSU, its
Teaching Aids Laboratory, its libraries and its radio personnel available
FOR THE STUDENTS. ThERE WILL ALSO BE COOPERATIVE WORK WITH CoLUMBUS
RADIO STATIONS INCLUDING FM STATION WELD.
The sixth wnd final week of the workshop will be spent in Cleveland with
HEADQUARTERS. AT THE CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION STATION WBOE. All
Cleveland radio stations are cooperating in providing a series of
VALUABLE AND STIMULATING EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES.
NAE8 NEWS LETTER
Page 2
May I, 1945
1T 8 S ABOUT TIME
WKAR |S NOW BROADCAST I NG ON CENTRAL W A R T IM£ , THE OFFICIAL TIME OF THE
state of Michigan, In going to the new time several programs had to be
SHIFTED TO ACCOMMODATE SPECIFIC SITUATIONS BUT IN GENERAL ALL FEATURES
HAVE BEEN KEPT IN THEIR REGULAR PLACE« The MOVING OF THE SCHEDULE
ONE HOUR MAY HAVE CAUSED A TEMPORARY LOSS OF SOME FAVORITE PROGRAMS BUT
THEY CAN BE FOUND AT THEIR SAME HOURo A PARTICULAR ADVANTAGE HAS COME
to the Farm Service Hour, since it now may be heard during the noon hour
for all Michigan,
RADIO HIGHLIGHTS, A NEW SHOW ON WSUI
The first of a new series of WSUI programs, RADIO HIGHLIGHTS, will be
heard Thursday afternoon at 3:15, when Eona Herbst of the WSUI staff will
ACT AS COMMENTATOR, ThIS WEEKLY PROGRAM WILL BRING YOU THE LATEST EVENTS
CONCERNING RADIO PERSONALITIES, RADIO POLICY AND ITS WORK IN THE WAR,
THE FUTURE OF RADIO INCLUDING FM AND TELEVISION, AND OTHER ASPECTS IN THE
GENERAL FIELD OF RADIO, Th*S WEEK ONE OF THE FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM WILL
DEAL WITH THE LATE PRESIDENT AS A RADIO PERSONALITY, AND WlLL ALSO INCLUDE
SOMETHING OF THE WAY RADIO HANDLED THE NEWS OF THE DEATH OF PRESIOENT
Roosevelt,
AER ELECTION RESULTS
In THE ANNUAL ELECTION JUST COMPLETED FOR 1945-46* OFFICERS OF THE
Association for Education by Radio Or, l 6 Keith Tyler, Oirector of Raoio
for Ohio State University was re-elected president. Or, Tyler has been
widely active in educational radio; he is director of the annual Institute
for Education by Radio held at Columbus, Ohio each May, and for five years
was head of the Evaluation of School Broadcasts project carried on by
Ohio State University,
Luke Roberts, educational director for station KOIN, Portland, Oregon was
elected vice-president; Robert Hudson, Director of the the Denver Rocky
Mountain Raoio Council, 2nd vice-president; Kathleen Nichols Lardie,
Supervisor of Radio for the Oetroit Public Schools, secretary; George
Jennings, acting director of the Radio c ouncil - station W8EZ of the
Chicago Public Schools, treasurer,
Blanche Young, supervisor of radio for the Indianapolis Public Schools
WAS ELECTEO PRESIDENT OF THE GREAT LaKES REGIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR
Education by Radio and Mary El«7abeth Gilmore, director of radio for
the Portland, Oregon Public Schools was named to a similar position in
the Pacific Coast region 0
MENZER REPORTS ON VISIT TO WHA
Again pinch-hitting for Prank Schooley and Jim Ebel, here is the story
of a visit to WHA, the University of Wisconsin, and H, b 0 McCarty, The
SCORE OF THE 8ASKET8ALL GAME, BY THE WAY, WAS I OWA 68, WISCONSIN 38.
NAEB NEWS LETTER
Page 3
May I, 1945
If NAEB members feel they NEED SOME INSPIration, I CAN recommend that
THEY SPEND AN HOUR OR TWO WITH MaC AND JUST TALK EDUCATIONAL BROADCAST INGo
It*s worth a trip to Madisono
WHA IS REALLY ONE OF THE PIONEERS NOT ONLY IN EDUCATIONAL WORK BUT IN
RADIO BROADCASTING AS WELL, It STARTED OPERATING IN FEBRUARY > 919» AND
I BELIEVE MANY EXPERIMENTAL POWER TUBES WERE TRIED OUT IN THE ORIGINAL
WHA TRANSMITTER, As WE ALWAYS ASSOCIATE WHA AND McCaRTY> LET J S START IN
1929 WHEN Mac FIRST made HIS APPEARANCE as THE COMPLETE STAFF AND CARRIED
ON A DAILY PROGRAM OF I| HRS,, FIVE DAYS PER WEEK, I 8ELIEVE STUDIOS
WERE IN THE ^LECTRICAL ENGINEERING BUILDING AT THAT TIME. The STORY OF
WHA UNDER MaC*S DIRECTION IS ONE OF PHENOMINAL EXPANSION WAS FORMERLY A
MINING ENGINEERING LABORATORY BUT WITH SOME WPA HELP IT NOW IS ONE OF
THE MOST ATTRACTIVE ANO USEFUL RADIO BUILDINGS l 8 VE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF
VISITING. IF YOU HAVEN 8 T RECEIVED WHA BULLETINS, WR) TZ ANO ASK FOR 9DME.
They contain pictures and descriptions of the studios, as well as a
RATHER COMPLETE PROGRAM SCHEDULE, WHA OPERATES FROM 7?30 A.M. TO LOCAL
SUNSET SIX DAYS PER WEEK AND FROM NOON TO 5:45 P.M, ON SUNDAYS, IT USES
A 5 KW TRANSMITTER LOCATED AWAY FROM THE STUDIOS, ANO AS IT IS OF A
COMPOSITE NATURE, WILL BE REPLACED AS SOON AS EQUIPMENT IS AVAILABLE.
Most of the studio equipment was constructed by Chief Engineer John
StIEHL and IS VERY SATISFACTORY, A GREAT DEAL OF RECORDING IS DONE AT
WHA AND FOR THIS PURPOSE, A SPECIAL RECORDING ROOM HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED,
Plans for a Wisconsin State FM network include the installation of seven
10 KW transmitters but as yet no construction permit application has
BEEN SUBMITTED, ANOTHER 5 KW STATE STATION (WLBL) fS LOCATED AT STEPHENS
Point, about 120 miles north of Madison, and carries an average of four
PROGRAMS DAILY FROM WHA AS FED BY TELEPHONE LINE, ThE STAFF OF WHA
INCLUDES TWENTY-FOUR FULL TIME EMPLOYEES AND SOME EIGHT PART TIME STUDENT/
WORKERS, That is a staff anmone of us would like to have! Much of the
STAFF TIME IS SPENT ON THE WISCONSIN S C HOOL OF THE A|R ANO THE RESULTS
ARE INDEED GRATIFYING, MAC CAN SUPPLY ANY NUMBER OF FIGURES TO PROVE
THIS FEATURE IS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL, If YOU WRITE TO HIM, ASK
HIM FOR A COPY OF HIS ANNUAL REPORT - FEBRUARY 5, 1945, It CONTAINS A
LOT OF INTERESTING MATERIAL TOO LENGTHY TO INCLUDE IN THIS BRIEF REPORT.
MAC HAS ALSO TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF SOME GOOD NEWSPAPER PUBLICITY ANO GAVE
ME CLIPPINGS FROM THE M i LWAUKSE, JOURNAL AND OTHER EVIDENCE THAT HE
BELIEVES IN ADVERTISING A FINE BROADCAST PROGRAM, HfS IS ONE EDUCATIONAL
STATION THAT BROADCASTS POLITICAL TALKS BY CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC OFFICE AND
MANY OF US COULD LEARN MUCH FROM HIS ASTUTE WAY OF HANDLING THIS FEATURE,
No MATTER HOW HE DOES IT, I GET THE FEELING THAT THE PEOPLE OF WISCONSIN
NOT ONLY LISTEN TO WHA, BUT THINK OF IT AS ONE OF THEIR FIRST LISTENING
choices. That is an accomplishment when we consider all the commercial
COMPETITION IN LOWER WISCONSIN.
Here is a brief commercial — WHA is holding an FM Educational Radio
Institute July 29 - a ugust II. The fee is very reasonable and after
LOOKING OVER THE PRELIMINARY OUTLINE, IT LOOKS LIKE ONE OF THE BEST I 8 VE
EVER SEEN,
CHICAGO RA0I0 COUNCIL ORIGINATES TELECAST
Over WBKB, Chicago Television station, the Radio Council will present
A PROGRAM IN COOPERATION WITH THE Art DEPARTMENT, AS PART OF THE WESTERN
Arts Association meeting, Friday, May II, 8:00-8:30 p.m.
NAE8 NEWS LETTER
Page 4
.May I, 1945
Captain William C„ Eody, U.S.N. (Ret.) Director, WBKB, and George Jennings
Acting Director, Radio Council - WBEZ, Chicago Public Schools, will speak
on television at the Western Arts luncheon,, Saturoay, May 12.
WNYC TO RECEIVE SPECIAL CITATION FOR "PATRIOTIC SERVICE H
For the first time in its 150-year history, the Sons of the a merican
Revolution are presenting a special citation "For Patriotic Services
rendered New York City Home Front" to WNYC today (Thurs. April 12).
Never before has S.A.R. ever made a presentation such as this to a
RADIO STATION, OR INDEED TO ANY OTHER ORGAN I 2 AT I ON—THE WNYC CITATION
8EING A "FIRST" IN ALL RESPECTS.
THIS AND THAT
Robert St. John, NBC London correspondent visiting his sister, Mrs,
Dorothy S„ Cooke, in Ames, conferred with WOI officials on postwar
educational broadcasting plans and was interviewed on his war experiences
in Greece by W01 News Eoitor Sob Mulhall....Carl Menzer has been maoe
honorary Chief of Police of Iowa City, Iowa. Gad, what that town is
coming to....WBKY is surveying its audience on its regular Monday and
Wednesday evening FM broadcasts....Elmer, how about some info on WBKY—
equipment, results, staff, etc?....All of the naeb stations participated
IN THE FITTING TRIBUTE TO OUR LATE PRESIDENT, FRANKLIN DeLANO ROOSEVELT.
Space does not permit recounting all the fine shows originated during
THIS PERIOD OF MOURNING....HlGGY OF 0 H IO STATE, HAS PASSED ALONG PROF.
Smith's Clear u hannel Allocation Proposal. If your engineer is interested
DROP ME A LINE AND 1 0 LL FORWARD A COPY. PROF. SmITH IS ASSOC. PROF. OF
E. E. at Cornell....It will be KUOM, University of Minnesota, starting
June 1. I'll lay some oough that the announcers will be WLBing all over
THE PLACE FOR A FEW DAYS....JfM MILES OF WBAA js GOING TO USE LIGHTER
MUSIC ON HIS DINNER HOUR PROGRAM .... Nat Erwjn, THAT RECONVERTED OKLAHOMA
COWBOY, WAS BACK TO VISIT HIS OLD HAUNTS IN CHAMPA IGN-UrBANA. He REPORTS
MUCH ACTIVITY AT WNAD.
FCC ACTIONS
KALW 8oard of Education of San Francisco Unified School Oistrict had it's
FM LICENSE EXTENDED ON A TEMPORARY BASIS ONLY, PENDING DETERMINATION ON
APPLICATION FOR RENEWAL, FOR THE PERIOD ENDING JULY i, I 945, SUBJECT TO
CHANGES IN FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT WHICH MAY RESULT FROM PROCEEDINGS IN
Docket 6651.
The Board of Education of Newark in the Bounty of Essex Newark, has
APPLIED FOR A CONSTRUCTION PERMIT FOR A NEW EouCATIONAL STATION TO BE
OPERATED ON 42,500 KC, 1 KW e
WLB HAS BEEN GRANTED PERMISSION TO CHANGE CltLL LETTERS TO KU0M o
Sacramento c ity Unified School °ist. of Sacremento Calif., has had its
APPLICATION FOR NEW EDUCATIONAL FM STATION PLACED IN PENDING FILES.
State Teachers College at West Chester, Pa., has applied for construction
permit for Ed
NAEB NEWS LETTER
Page 6
May I, 1945
PERMIT FOR A NEW EDUCATIONAL STATION ON 42, I MC WITH I KW„
Ohio State University has applied for construction permit for Relay
Broadcast Station on 1622, 2058, 2150, 2790 KC, 125 Watts.
Renewal of licenses for the following non-commercial educational broad¬
cast stations were granted for the period ending May I, <946, subject
TO CHANGES IN FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT WHICH MAY RESULT FROM PROCEEDINGS IN
Docket No, 6651: WBEZ, Chicago; WNYE, Brooklyn, N 0 Y„; W80E, Cleveland,
WIUC t Urbana, III.
—Ebel
N A £ B NEWS
LETTER
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTERS
A. James Ebel, Editor, Station WILL, Urbana, III*
Supplement
May I, 1945
NAEB MEETING IN CHICAGO
The Executive Committee or the naeb together with those members who
WERE INTERESTED IN THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS AT HAND AND WHO COULD FIND TIME
FOR THE TRIP, MET IN CLOSEO SESSION IN THE iLLlNl CENTER OF THE LASALLE
Hotel, on Thursday, May 3. In attendance were Menzer, Ziebarth, Griffith,
McCarty, Miles, Schooley, and Ebel. Following is a brief report of
THIS MEETINGo
FINANCES
Secretary-Treasurer, Prof. W. I. Griffith reported that the finances of
THE ORGANIZATION WERE IN RELATIVELY GOOD SHAPE. Hg INDICATED THAT THE
CONDITION WOULD BE GOOD WHEN OUTSTANDING DUES AND SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS
HAVE BEEN COLLECTED. He WAS AUTHORIZED TO PAY THE ATTORNEY FEE FOR THE
FM ALLOCATION HEARING.
oygs
After discussing the problem of increased dues and more equitable
ASSESSMENT OF DUES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SIZE OF THE STATION, THE
SCHEDULE SHOWN BELOW WAS ADOPTEO AS THE BEST COMPROMISE BETWEEN ALL THE
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED.
Pnnn (AM stations).
0-500 WATT 8
500-1000 WATTS
loot-MAX I MUM
Power LFM._statj.qmsI
0-5000 WATTS
5001-10,000 watts
I 0,00 t —MAX I MUM
annual..
ito.oo
$15.00
$ 20.00
Associate membership
International Short Wave stations will use
FM POWER SCHEDULE
A MOTION TO SUBMIT THESE PROPOSED DUES TO THE MEMBERSHIP OF NAEB WAS
passeo by a unanimous vote. Therefore, consider this the 30 day notice.
NAEB PARTICIPATION IN BMB
A DISCUSSION OF THE AIMS AND PURPOSES OF THE BMB BROUGHT FORTH THE
UNANIMOUS RECOMMENDATION THAT NEGOTI AT IONS FOR THE PART ICI PAT I ON IN
BE LEFT TO THE INDIVIDUAL STATION. No NAEB ACTION WILL BE TAKEN IN
THIS MATTER.
FM ALLOCATION RECOMMENDATIONS
A CONSIDERABLE PORTION OF THE DAY
POSED FM FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS.
WAS SPENT IN A DISCUSSION OF THE PRO-
INFORMATION WAS COLLECTED FROM ALL
NAEB NEWS LETTER
Rage 2
May I, 1946
RELIABLE SOURCES AVAILABLE AND STUDIED CAREFULLY. 0 N THE 6ASI8 OF THIS
STUDY A TELEGRAM WAS SENT TO CHAIRMAN PAUL PORTER OF THE FCC» The CONTENT
OF THIS TELEGRAM HAS NOT BEEN RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION BECAUSE THE NAEB
IS INTERESTED ONLY IN ASSISTING THE FCC IN ITS DELIBERATIONS ANO NOT IN
BECOMING A PARTY TO ANY OF THE PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS OF THE ISSUES INVOLVED,
THE CLEAR CHANNEL HEARING
Extreme interest in the opportunities for educational stations in the
FORTHCOMING CLEAR CHANNEL HEARINGS WAS IN EVIDENCE IN THE MEETING,
Reports from the stations represented gave background material for the
DISCUSSION OF THE PROBLEM• BECAUSE THE FCC HAS GIVEN INDICATIONS THAT
THERE ARE SUB-MARGINAL AREAS WHICH DON 8 T RECEIVE SATISFACTORY RADIO
SCRVICC, AND BECAUSE NON-COMMERClAL STATIONS ARE IN A POSITION TO GIVE
SERVICE TO SUBMARGINAL AREAS IT WAS OECIOED THAT THE NAEB SHOULD STUDY
THIS PROBLEM CAREFULLY AND DO WHAT IT COULD TO PROMOTE THE INTERESTS
OF ITS MEMBERSHIP, PrESIOENT ScHOOLEY APPOINTED A SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO
8TUOY THIS PROBLEM ANO TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION*
The committee: McCarty, Chairman, Menzer, and £bel. A questionnaire
WILL BE SENT to THE MEMBERS OF NAEB IN THE NEAR FUTURE TO GET ACCURATE
DATA ON THEIR PRESENT OPERATIONS ANO FUTURE PLANS TO PROVIDE A BASIS
FOR ANY UNIFIED ACTION WHICH MIGHT BE CONTEMPLATED*
MISCELLANEOUS
THE GROUP IN ATTENDANCE RECOMMENDEO THAT THE NAE8 PUT ON A DRIVE TO
OBTAIN THE MEMBERSHIP OF ALL THE NEW FM STATION WHICH WILL BE ERECTED
BY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AFTER THE WAR# YOU CAN HELP IN THIS EFFORT
BY PERSONALLY CONTACTING ANY APPLICANT KNCWN TO YOU.
President Tyler of the A£R appointbd Schooley -Chairman, Men2Er, and
McCarty as a w Lva*son committee for the development of cooperation between
the A£R and NA£8. w The membership at this meeting of NAE8 recommended
that President Schooley appoint a committee for naEB to work on this
UNDERTAKING. PRESIDENT ScHOOLEY APPOINTED THE SAME COMMITTEE LISTED
ABOVE TO REPRESENT NAE8. It SEEMS THAT ,5 LlAlSON H IS ALREADY TAKING PLACE.
A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE RMA WAS ASKED TO RECOMMEND TO THAT ORGANIZATION
of Radio Receiver Manufacturers that all FM receivers manufactured
SHOULD TAKE IN THE ENTIRE BAND INCLUDING THE EDUCATIONAL PORTION WITH
AN OVERSHOOT ON EITHER END TO PROVIDE FOR IMPROPER ALLIGNMENT OF THE
RECEIVER AND THE RESULTING SHIFT IN DIAL READINGS.
Prexy Schooley 9 s ribs are still sore. «t seems that he loused up the
CALL FOR THE MEETING SO THAT THE MEMBERSHIP COULD HAVE ASSEMBLED ON
ANY DAY BUT WaSHINGTON*S BIRTHDAY ANO STILL BEEN WITHIN THE ACCURACY
OF THE CALL» JENSEN OF WCAL WAS THE ONLY MEMBER TO OUR KNOWLEDGE WHO
GOT CAUGHT IN THIS TANGLE OF MIXED DATES AND HAD TO COMMUNE WITH HIMSELF
on Friday. In behalf of the membership of NAEB, Mr. Jensen, I apologize
FOR OUR PRESIDENT,
—Ebel
Please return to Executive Secretary, NAE8
NAEB CLEAR CHANNEL COMMITTEE QUESTIONNAIRE
As INDICATED IN THE NAEB Ne**'S LETTER SUPPLEMENT FOR MAY» A
COMMITTEE HAS BEEN APPOINTED TO STUDY THE CLEAR CHANNEL
ALLOCATION PROBLEM FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE EDUCATIONAL
BROADCASTERo In ORDER TO DO A THOROUGH JOB IN THIS MATTER
WE MUST HAVE YOUR COOPERATION. W|LL YOU PLEASE FILL OUT
THE QUESTIONS BELOV' AND RETURN THE BLANK 8 MM ED I ATELY ?
Io Are you SATISFIED WITH YOUR PRESENT AM ASSIGNMENT?_
2, If NOT WHAT ARE YOUR LIMITATIONS? (A) C0VERAGE__
(B) Operating Time__
3o 'AOULD YOU CONSIDER ANY OF THE FOLLOWING TO IMPROVE YOUR AM
ASS IGNMENT?
(a) Directional antenna system____
(a) Increase of Power ___How much? __
(c) Change of frequency___ ; _
4o Do’ YOU HAVE ANY PLANS OR ANY SUGGESTIONS FOR THE IMPROVE¬
MENT OF YOUR FACILITIES?______
5. What do you think the NAEB Clear Channel Committee can do
TO HELP YOU? __,_______
NOTE: Use space on back of this sheet to alaborate on Nos. 2 and 5
H, 8, McCarty, Chairman
Carl H e Menter
A„ James Ebel
Scanned from the National Association of Educational Broadcasters Records
at the Wisconsin Historical Society as part of
"Unlocking the Airwaves: Revitalizing an Early Public and Educational Radio Collection."
'oiTu> c KTwe
\\KWAVEs
A collaboration among the Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities,
University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Communication Arts,
and Wisconsin Historical Society.
Supported by a Humanities Collections and Reference Resources grant from
the National Endowment for the Humanities
I I T I—I MARYLAND INSTITUTE for
I TECHNOLOGY in the HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
WISCONSIN
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY
WISCONSIN
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE
Humanities
views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication/collection do not necessarily reflect those of the
National Endowment for the Humanities.
